Spinal Fusion Surgery

Spinal fusion surgery is a procedure that permanently joins two or more vertebrae in the spine to eliminate movement between them. This technique is commonly used to treat conditions such as spinal instability, degenerative disc disease, scoliosis, herniated discs, and spinal fractures. By fusing the affected vertebrae, the procedure helps reduce pain, improve spinal stability, and restore mobility.

Causes of Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion may be required due to various reasons, including:

• Degenerative Disc Disease: Wear and tear on spinal discs leading to pain and instability.
• Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine.
• Spondylolisthesis: A condition where one vertebra slips forward over another.
• Spinal Fractures: Often caused by trauma or osteoporosis.
• Herniated Discs: Severe cases where disc damage affects nerve function.
• Spinal Tumors: Some cases may require spinal fusion to stabilize the spine after tumor removal.

 Why is Spinal Fusion Surgery Performed?

Spinal fusion is typically recommended for individuals experiencing chronic back pain or spinal instability that does not respond to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections. The procedure helps restore stability, reduce pain, and prevent further deterioration of the spine.

 Types of Spinal Fusion Surgery

There are several types of spinal fusion surgery, including:

• Posterolateral Fusion (PLF): Bone graft is placed between the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
• Interbody Fusion: Bone graft is placed between the vertebrae where the disc used to be.
• Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion: Uses smaller incisions and advanced technology to reduce recovery time.
• Spinal Fusion (L1 + Decompression): Fusion of the L1 vertebra with decompression to relieve nerve pressure.
• Spinal Fusion (L2 + Decompression): Fusion of the L2 vertebra with decompression for enhanced spinal stability.

Three Types of Spinal Fusion Techniques in India

India offers various spinal fusion techniques, including:

1. Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF): Fusion through the front of the body.
2. Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF): Fusion from the back.
3. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF): A variation of PLIF for better access to the spine.

Procedure for Spinal Fusion Surgery

The surgery involves several steps:

1. Anesthesia: The patient is placed under general anesthesia.
2. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision in the back, neck, or side, depending on the affected area.
3. Bone Grafting: A bone graft, either from the patient's own body or a donor, is placed between the affected vertebrae to promote fusion.
4. Stabilization: Metal screws, rods, or plates are inserted to hold the vertebrae together while they heal.
5. Closure: The incision is closed, and the patient is monitored for recovery.

 Techniques/ Approaches for Spinal Fusion Surgery in India

  India offers various approaches, such as:

• Open Surgery: Traditional spinal fusion with larger incisions.
• Minimally Invasive Techniques: Smaller incisions, less tissue damage, and quicker recovery.
• Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Advanced technology for precision and efficiency.

 Recovery After Spinal Fusion Surgery

Recovery time varies based on the patient's overall health and the extent of the surgery. Key aspects of recovery include:

• Hospital Stay: Patients typically stay in the hospital for 2-4 days.
• Pain Management: Medications are prescribed to manage post-surgical pain.
• Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises help restore strength and mobility.
• Activity Restrictions: Patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting, bending, or twisting movements during the healing process.
• Full Recovery: Fusion may take several months to a year to fully develop.

What are the Risks and Complications Associated with Spinal Fusion Surgery?

As with any surgery, spinal fusion carries potential risks, including:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Nerve damage
• Limited range of motion
• Failed fusion (pseudoarthrosis), requiring further surgery

 How Much Does Spinal Fusion Surgery Cost in India?

The cost of spinal fusion surgery in India varies based on factors such as hospital, surgeon expertise, and procedure type.

Spinal fusion surgery cost in India starts from INR 420,000 ($5,000). The cost difference is distinctly huge when compared to the hospitals in any other medically advanced country, including the US, UK, UAE and Singapore.

This cost could vary on various factors such as:

• Type of spinal fusion technique used. The techniques vary depending upon the level of the spine, which includes surgery on the cervical spine, thoracic spine and lumbar spine.
• Surgeon experience.
• The total cost of spinal fusion surgery in India primarily depends upon the type of package you choose. These include costs of medications, medical supplies, operating room services, room and board expenses, recovery room expenses, hospitals and imaging charges, physical therapy expenses and charges of surgeons.

 Best Hospitals for Spinal Fusion Surgery in India

Some of the top hospitals offering spinal fusion surgery in India include:

• Apollo Hospitals
• Fortis Hospitals
• Manipal Hospitals
• Medanta – The Medicity

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Spinal Fusion Surgery in India

Q. What is the duration of hospital stay after spinal fusion surgery in India?

Typically, a hospital stay of 2 to 4 days is required after spine fusion surgery in India. During this period, the doctor and nurses monitor the patient’s recovery and keep a check on any complications. Physiotherapists and occupational therapists also help the patient and guide them through various exercises to help them with movement.

Q. How long does the complete recovery after spinal fusion surgery take?

Recovery time after spine fusion surgery varies for every individual, depending on age, severity of disease, type of surgery and other factors.

Usually, it takes 6 to 8 weeks to recover enough to carry out daily activities. The complete fusion of the bones may take 3 months or more if proper rest and healing takes place. The patient may return to more physically demanding activities after 6 months following the surgery.

Q. When can I resume work after the surgery?

Most people can resume work with a desk job and light activities in 4 to 6 weeks depending on their recovery and healing speed. The doctor will analyze the patient’s condition and advise a suitable time to go back to work.

Q. Is a minimally invasive procedure for spinal fusion available in India?

Spine surgery hospitals in India offer minimally invasive spine surgery for various types of fusion procedures. These hospitals are equipped with the latest medical techniques and surgical equipment that are required for minimally invasive procedures.

The spine surgeons in India are highly trained and skilled in performing advanced spine surgery for the treatment of various spine and disc problems.

Q. Why is it recommended to quit smoking before the spine fusion surgery?

Smoking has negative effects on the recovery process as tobacco can affect the blood vessels and wound healing ability of the body. It also raises the risk of lung problems and infections after the surgery.

Q. Will I have to wear a brace after spine fusion surgery?

At times, the surgeon may recommend wearing a back brace after spinal fusion surgery to help patients during the recovery. The need for a brace depends on the number of levels fused, the type of procedure, the patient’s age, the damage to bone and whether the patient has other health problems such as diabetes, obesity and others.

 Conclusion

Spinal fusion surgery can be a life-changing procedure for individuals suffering from chronic spinal conditions. While it requires careful consideration and a significant recovery period, it can provide long-term relief and improved quality of life. If you are considering spinal fusion, consult with a spine specialist to understand the risks, benefits, and alternatives available to you.